The Menopause
The menopause is caused by the loss of the ovarian sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone due to a reduction in ovarian follicles, and results in the permanent cessation of menstruation (periods).
To date, we are unable to determine the exact moment someone becomes menopausal, and thus it’s a retrospective diagnosis. The exception to this is when someone undergoes a surgical menopause which is immediate.
The average age at menopause in Ireland is 51. The average age range is 45-55 years. Menopause between the ages of 40-45 is considered an early menopause and under 40 is called premature ovarian insufficiency. Conversely, some women can have periods until their late 50s.
The loss of ovarian hormones can cause symptoms throughout the body. Unfortunately, some people will experience multiple symptoms, yet others will have no symptoms. Common symptoms can include
- Hot flushes
- Night sweats
- Disrupted sleep
- Cognitive symptoms such as “brain fog” and poor concentration
- Psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, mood swings
- Fatigue
- loss of energy
- Joint pains
- Vaginal dryness
- Painful sex
- Reduced libido
- Urinary frequency and incontinence
- Dry eyes, skin, hair, and nails
The menopause can also lead to changes in the body that can contribute to the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Actively managing your menopause involves seeking help to improve or resolve troublesome menopausal symptoms as well as optimising your long-term health.
Treatment Options
Treatment options include both hormonal and non-hormonal options such as:
- Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Non-Hormonal Oral Therapy
- Complementary therapies
- Lifestyle changes
- Psychological therapies